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Showing posts with label Engineering. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Engineering. Show all posts

Tuesday 5 August 2014

Bi-Colured LED Blinking Circuit and Dancing circuit or flashing circuit Make it Easy

    LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor light emitting diode. We know that diode allows the current in one direction and does not allow the reverse current which will affect the components in the circuit. LED also do the same function but will emit a small light when it allowed the current, which will give the sign or visual indication to the normal human that circuit is working. There are lots of applications using LEDs. They are mainly used for visual indication in any electronic devices, measuring and interacting with the process, displaying the pictures in TV or in any advertisement hoarding, etc.

Two LED blinking circuits are given below. First one is dancing bi-color LEDs (two different color LEDs) where the two color LED will run in sequence. In the second circuit, we will blink the LEDs in regular period of time.

Dancing Bi – Color LED Circuit:

Generally we use small voltage bulbs in the dancing bulbs. This circuit is mainly used in the occasions, decoration articles or in visual indication sign boards etc. In this project, we use bi-color LEDs for sequential running light.

Block Diagram of Bi-Color LED Circuit:

Block Diagram of Dancing Bi-color LEDs
Timer is used for setting the sequential flow rate for the bi-color LED panel. The CD4017 is a decade counter which provides the timing and will make the LED ON/OFF according to the time determined.
Main Components in this Circuit:
CD4017: CD4017 is a 16 pin decade counter and only 10 pins are used for output. The 4017 will get triggered by the clock pulses. Main operation of the decade counter is as follows: When a clock pulse is taken as an input, only one output is made high for first clock pulse and remaining all output pins will be made low. For the second clock pulse, another output pin is made high and remaining all pins are made low and so on. Time period of the output pin is high according to the width of the pulse. CD4017 is used in many applications where counter is needed.
CD4017 clock pulses from output pins timing diagram is shown below:
CD4017 Clock pulses from output pins timing diagram

Bi-Color LED Dancing Lights Circuit Diagram:

Dancing LEDs Circuit Diagram
Circuit Diagram Explanation:
  • In the Bi-color LED, it should be connected to the counter as shown in the circuit. The anode of first LED in bicolor LED is connected to the anode of second LED of 10th bicolor LED and in the same fashion, the remaining LEDs are connected, only the second anode of first bicolor LED is connected to the reset pin of the CD4017. All the cathode of bicolor LEDs is made ground.
  • The main operation of this circuit depends on the 555 timer which is set in astable multivibrator mode and decade counter CD4017; the 555 timer will generate low frequency clock pulse and give input to the decade counter which will make the sequential running of the LEDs.
  • Variable resistor can vary the resistance which will change width of the pulse. If pulse width is changed, the time period of running the LEDs will also get changed. We run the LEDs in fast or slow. Running speed can be altered by variable resistor. The first anode of 10th bicolor LED is made short to the reset pin of the decode counter for continuous running of lights.

LED Flasher Circuit:

LED Flasher is a simple circuit which will blink the LEDs in regular time period. This circuit can be used for decoration purpose or can be used for a signaling purpose and many more.

Block Diagram of LED Flasher Circuit:

LED Flasher Block Diagram
The 555 timer is used to generate the PWM signal which will cause the LEDs to blink. The speed of the blinking by LED is determined by the potentiometer connected to the 555 timer. The PNP transistor is used to flash or blinks the LEDs.

LED Flasher Circuit Diagram:

LED Flasher Circuit Diagram
Circuit Explanation:
  • The 555 timer is made to be configured as a astable multivibrator. The potentiometer which is connected to the timer should be preset and also to adjust the blinking or flashing speed of the LEDs.
  • The bicolor LEDs are used in this circuit and connected to each other as shown in the schematic. The PWM signal is the output of the 555 timer given to transistor, which acts as an inverter. When the pulse generated by 555 timers is low, transistor will get ON and LEDs will get ON. When the input of transistor is high, transistor will get OFF and LEDs are made OFF. This ON/OFF of LEDs will go for every pulse width signal cycle. This mechanism will make the LEDs flashing.

LED Blinking Circuits Applications:

  • Dancing LED circuit can be used for any visual sign indication in any highways or it can be used in advertisement hoarding also.
  • LED blinking circuit can be used in signaling purpose (It can be used as signal for help, if you are in danger)
  • LED blinking circuit can be used as flashing beacon.
  • LED blinking circuit can be used as vehicle indicator when it is broke down in the middle of the road. It can be used in operation theaters or offices as an indication that you are engaged in work.
  • There are lots of applications with these two circuits.

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water level indicator and controller using 8051 micro controller

This article explains you how to detect and control the water level in an overhead tank or any other container. This system monitors the water level of the tank and automatically switches ON the motor when ever tank is empty. The motor is switched OFF when the overhead tank or container is FULL. Here the water level of the tank is indicated on LCD (Liquid crystal Display). Using this system, we can avoid the overflow of the water. We have already seen How water level indicator circuit works using AVR Microcontroller in the earlier post. But, here we are designing the circuit which is used to detect and control the water level automatically in overhead tank using 8051 microcontroller.
In this system water sensing can be done by using a set of 4 wires which are placed at different levels in tank. DC supply probe is placed at the base of the tank.

Water Level Controller using 8051 Circuit Principle:

This system mainly works on a principle that “water conducts electricity”. The four wires which are dipped into the tank will indicate the different water levels. Based on the outputs of these wires, microcontroller displays water level on LCD as well as controls the motor.

Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Diagram of Water Level Controller using 8051 Microcontroller
Circuit Diagram of Water Level Controller using 8051 Microcontroller
Circuit Components:
  • At89c51 controller
  • At89c51 programming board.
  • 16*2 LCD
  • 5V Relay
  • Bc547 (NPN) transistors – 5
  • Resistors (1K) – 4
  • Resistor – 330 ohm
  • AC Motor
  • Pot – 10k
  • Programming cable
  • Connecting wires

Water Level Controller using 8051 Circuit Design:

The main heart of this project is AT89C51 microcontroller. The water level probes are connected to the P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, and P3.3 through the transistors. Port P2 connected to the data pins of LCD and control pins RS, RW and EN of LCD are connected to the P1.0, P1.1, and P1.2 respectively.
Initially when tank is empty, LCD will display the message EMPTY and motor runs automatically. When water level reaches to quarter level, now LCD displays QUARTER and still motor runs. For further levels, LCD displays the messages HALF and ¾ FULL.
When tank is full, LCD displays FULL and motor automatically stops. Again motor runs when tank is empty.


Algorithm for Water Level Controller Circuit:

  • First configure the controller pins P3.0, P3.1, P3.2 and P3.3 as inputs and P3.4 as output.
  • Now initialize the LCD.
  • Continuously check the water level input pins P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, and P3.3
  • If all the pins are low then display tank is empty on LCD and make P3.4 pin high to run the motor automatically.
  • High pulse on the pin P3.0 indicates quarter level, display the same thing on LCD.
  • If P3.1 is high then water level is half.
  • High pulse on P3.2 indicates 3/4th full of the tank.
  • If P3.3 is high then tank is full, now make P3.4 pin is low to turn off the motor automatically.

How to Operate Water Level Controller Circuit using 8051 Microcontroller?

  1. Initially burn the program to the controller.
  2. Now give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
  3. While giving the connections, make sure that there is no common connection between AC and DC supplies.
  4. Place the 4 water level indicating wires into the small tank.
  5. Switch on the supply, now the motor will run automatically as there is no water in the tank.
  6. Now pour the water, when it reaches to quarter level then LCD displays QUARTER on LCD.
  7. For further levels it will displays HALF and ¾ FULL on LCD.
  8. Still if you pour the water then LCD displays FULL and motor turns off automatically when the tank is full.

Water Level Controller Circuit Advantages:

  • Human effort is reduced as the system controls the motor automatically based on the water level.
  • This system consumes less power.
  • Simple and more reliable.

Applications of Water Level Controller Circuit using 8051:

  • Used in big buildings where the manual monitoring is difficult.
  • Used in industries to control the liquid level automatically.

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Sunday 23 December 2012

Solar Energy concept, Solar energy projects,Working principle of solar energy


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Sunday 2 December 2012

JNTU Kakinada B.Tech 1-1, 1-2 Results 2012 Regular/Supple Exams

JNTU Kakinada B.Tech 1-1, 1-2 Results 2012 Regular/Supple Exams : 1.JNTU Kakinada B.tech 1-1, 1-2 Results 2012 Regular,Supplementary Exam will be Declared by JNTU K Official Website to updated the Results @http://jntuk.edu.in

2.Candidates can be check the JNTU Kakinada B.tech 1-1,1-2 Results 2012 visit the given below links.

3.JNTU Kakinada B.Tech 1-1 Results 2012 - http://www.manabadi.co.in/results/JNTUK-Rev-Recounting-Results-For-BTech-1-1-Reg-Supple-Exams-June-2012.asp

4.JNTU Kakinada B.Tech 2-1 Results 2012 - http://www.manabadi.co.in/results/JNTUK-BTech-1-2-Reg-Supple-Exams-June-2012-Rev-Recounting-Results.asp

5.Candidates if you want to received all latest updates about JNTUK via Facebook, then join us on Facebook page. Candidates Touch with us for more updates or book mark this page for future reference.

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